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H pylori: It has long been recognized that there is an association among H pylori, gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Antibodies to H pylori infection are found in over 50% of people in developed countries who are older than 60 years of age. In one study, the prevalence was found to approach 90% in patients over the age of 60 years. In elderly patients, H pylori infection is usually the cause of gastritis. The most important cause of H pylori-negative gastritis appears to be overt or covert NSAID ingestion. Several methods are available to detect the presence of H pylori infection, including urease testing of antral biopsy samples (CLO test), culture of gastric biopsy tissue or gastric contents, by 13carbon or 14carbon urea breath testing, or by the presence of serological markers of immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG antibodies (Table 5). With the CLO test, pieces of gastric biopsy tissue are placed into a solution containing urea with the formation of ammonium hydroxide, which, in the presence of a pH indicator, turns the sample red. It is important to recognize that our laboratory has found this test to be relatively insensitive in elderly patients. The urea breath test for the detection of urease activity involves oral administration of 13carbon- or 14carbon-labelled urea, which is converted by bacterial urease to carbon dioxide or 14carbon dioxide, is absorbed and is then eliminated in the breath, where the labelled carbon dioxide can be detected and measured. Chronic H pylori infection elicits local and systemic immunological responses, leading to the production of IgA and IgG antibodies. Testing of serum IgG level only is preferred because this antibody is a more accurate reflection of current infection status. Detection of IgG antibodies is not influenced by the patchy distribution of the organism in the stomach, which may occur in elderly patients. Please make sure you read all the information provided above to choose the right medications at the Canadian Health&Care Mall to benefit the most from the treatment. At this pharmacy, you will find tons of cheap and efficient meds for any problem. TABLE 5 Methods of testing for Helicobacter pylori

Histology of biopsy samples

Culture of biopsy tissue or gastric contents

CLO testing

Urea breath testing

Serology for of immunoglobulin A and G antibodies to H pylori